![]() The earliest attestation of the rune is in the Kylver Stone futhark row (ca. The Ogham letter name Ceirt, glossed as "apple tree", may in turn be a loan from Germanic into Primitive Irish. The expected Proto-Germanic term for "pear tree" would be *pera-trewô ( *pera being, however, a post-Proto-Germanic loan, either West Germanic, or Common Germanic, if Gothic pairþra meant "pear tree", from Vulgar Latin pirum (plural pira), itself of unknown origin). The Common Germanic name could be referring to a pear-tree (or perhaps generally a fruit-tree).īased on the context of "recreation and amusement" given in the rune poem, a common speculative interpretation is that the intended meaning is "pear-wood" as the material of either a woodwind instrument, or a "game box" or game pieces made from wood.įrom peorð, Proto-Germanic form * perðu, * perþō or * perþaz may be reconstructed on purely phonological grounds. The Anglo-Saxon futhorc adopted exactly the same approach for the addition of a labiovelar rune, ᛢ cƿeorð, in both shape and name based on peorð, but it is not known if the Gothic runes already had a similar variant rune of p, or if the labiovelar letter was a 4th-century creation of Ulfilas. In any case, it seems evident that peorð is related to pairþra. However, the names are not comprehensible in Gothic either, and it is not clear which is derived from which, although it is known that the Elder Futhark had a p, but no q rune. One of these names clearly is derived from the other. no word similar to peorð is known in this language.Īccording to a 9th-century manuscript of Alcuin ( Codex Vindobonensis 795), written using the Gothic alphabet in Britain, the letters p (based on a Greek Π) and q (an inverted Π) are called "pairþra" and "qairþra", respectively. The name is not comprehensible from Old English, i.e. ᛈ peorð bẏþ sẏmble plega and hlehter / ƿlancum, ðar ƿigan sittaþ / on beorsele bliþe ætsomne "Peorð is a source of recreation and amusement to the great, where warriors sit happily together in the beerhall." ![]() ![]() It is named peorð in the Anglo-Saxon rune-poem and glossed enigmatically as follows: It does not appear in the Younger Futhark. ![]() ᛈ is the rune denoting the sound p ( voiceless bilabial stop) in the Elder Futhark runic alphabet. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes. This runestone dates to around 400 AD but there are no written records that can tell us exactly when it was created.This article contains runic characters. The first recorded use was found at a Viking settlement near Tängelgårda, Sweden. These ancient Norse runes have been found as far away as Iran, Turkey, England, and India. The first runes were carved into wood, bone, or stone and then painted with various colours to make them more visible. This writing system is believed to have originated from the Old Italic scripts: a variation of the North Italic (Etruscan or Raetic alphabets), or the Latin Alphabet itself. The Elder Futhark (or sometimes just “Futhorc”) is the oldest form of runic alphabet. The word “Futhark” is derived from the first six letters, which are called “Fehu,” “Uruz,” “Thurisaz,” “Ansuz,” “Raidho” and “Kennaz.” The Elder Futhark runes are a set of 24 symbols that were used for writing in Scandinavia and other parts of Northern Europe from about 200-800 AD. While there are many different types of runes, here I’ll be focusing on Elder Futhark. Writing itself was often seen as magic by other peoples who had no writing systems of their own. The word rune comes from an Old Norse term meaning a secret letter that was used for casting spells.
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